Spongy ice
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Ice sponginess, the incorporation of unfrozen fresh water, brine, or air in the ice, has been observed in hail, in aircraft airfoil ice, and in ship superstructure ice. It has also been observed in floating sea ice that does not form from the accumulation of airborne drops. [1]
The cause of spongy ice is not well understood. Makkonen hypothesized that sea spray icing can have a sponginess of about 26% [2], though Lozowski et al. [3] claimed that up to 50% of the ice mass can be unfrozen.
Salinity of the sea water is commonly cited as the reason for brine pockets occurring in sea spray ice. However, all ice, fresh or salty, formed from droplets striking surfaces forms pockets of unfrozen water, and this is called spongy ice. [2] [4]
References
- ↑ Charles C. Ryerson. April 2013. Icing Management for Coast Guard Assets. Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. ERDC/ C R R E L TR-13-7.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Makkonen, L. 1987. Salinity and growth rate of ice formed by sea spray. Cold Regions Science and Technology 14: 163–171.
- ↑ Lozowski E. P., K. Szilder, and L. Makkonen. 2000. Computer simulation of marine ice accretion. Philosophical Trans of the Royal Society: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 358: 2811–2845.
- ↑ Blackmore, R. Z., and E. P. Lozowski. 2003. Spongy Icing Modelling: Progress and Prospects. In Proceedings of The Thirteenth (2003) International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 25–30 May, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, p. 429– 434.