Atmospheric Icing
Atmospheric icing is a phenomenon of complexity and many affecting factors. Atmospheric icing can be either precipitation icing (liquid water falls on the surface and freezes on it) or in-cloud icing (icing that occurs in a cloud or for example in fog).
Liquid water in droplets can be in form of drop, droplet, hail or snow flake. The significant factor in atmospheric icing is super cooling of the water droplets, which means that temperature of droplets in the clouds or air is subzero. Depending on the icing conditions ice will occur as glaze ice, rime ice or mixed ice. Glaze is clear, dense, and hard ice. Rime ice is white and less dense, and softer. Mixed ice is a combination of glaze and rime and has properties from both. The accreted ice type is defined by factors as temperature, icing type , wind speed, air humidity, precipitation and water phase, material properties (surface topography and chemistry), wetting behavior and surface temperature. [2] [3] [4]
References
- ↑ S. Fikke, G. Ronsten, A. Heimo, S. Kunz, M. Ostrozlik, P.-E. Persson, J. Sabata, B. Wareing, B. Wichura, J. Chum, T. Laakso, K. Säntti, Lasse Makkonen, COAT 727: Atmospheric Icing on Strutures Measurements and data collection on icing: State of the Art, MeteoSwiss No. 75, 2007.
- ↑ Niklas Kandelin. 2021. ICING FACTORS AFFECTING RAILWAY TRAFFIC. Master of Science Thesis. Tampere University.
- ↑ Farzaneh, M. (2008) Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks. 1st ed. 2008. [Online]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
- ↑ Ingvaldsen, K. (2017) Atmospheric icing in a changing climate: Impact of higher boundary temperatures on simulations of atmospheric ice accretion on structures during the 2015-2016 icing winter in West-Norway.
- ↑ Stenroos, C. (2015) Properties of icephobic surfaces in different icing conditions. Master of Science Thesis. Tampere University.