Icing on airplane wings
In-flight icing on the airplane wings can happen in several ways.
Ice accretion can occur before the anti- and de-icing systems are switched on and ice accretion is observed by small accretions on the leading edge.
More severe icing can occurre, when the airplane encounters high liquid water content (LWC) clouds, which cause runback ice and ridge formation on the wings. These ice accretions can be located on different parts of the wings and is considered the most dangerous type of ice on the wings, because it dramatically changes the aerodynamic profile of the wing and decreases its lifting ability.
The third category contains irregularly shaped glaze ice accretion on random parts of the wings. These ice shapes are formed in longer contacts with icing conditions.
The frost formation on the ground during long standstills is the last category. Formed frost is usually dealt with by spraying de-icing chemicals on the wings, but untreated it can decrease the lifting ability of the wings.
- ↑ Aviation safety: New computer tool forecasting icing hazards, National Center for Atmospheric Research, webpage, Available (Accessed 8.9.2015): https://www2.ucar.edu/atmosnews/news/4296/aviation-safety-new-computertool-forecasts-icing-hazards.
- ↑ Y. Cao, Z. Wu, Y. Su, Z. Xu, Aircraft flight characteristics in icing conditions, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, Vol. 74, 2015, pp. 62–80.
- ↑ C. Antonini, Superhydrophobicity as a strategy against icing: Analysis of the water/surface dynamic interaction for icing mitigation. Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2011, 238 p. Available:https://aisberg.unibg.it/bitstream/10446/881/1/phd_thesis_Antonini.pdf
- ↑ T. Bharathidasan, S. V. Kumar, M. S. Bobji, R. P. S. Chakradhar, B. J. Basu, Effect of wettability and surface roughness on ice-adhesion strength of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces, Applied Surface Science, vol. 314, 2014, pp. 241–250.
- ↑ Properties of icephobic surfaces in different icing conditions. Stenroos Christian. Master of Science Thesis. TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY. October 2015. Online.