GNSS Reflectometry: Difference between revisions

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GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>
GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>


## Links
=== Links ===


-The [description of NMEA messages](https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/ "https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/") 
* The description of [https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/ NMEA messages] "https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/") 
-Documentation for [RINEX 3.04](http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf "http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf")
* Documentation for [RINEX 3.04](http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf "http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf") -RINEX 3 and RINEX 2 reader python library [GeoRinex](https://pypi.org/project/georinex/ "https://pypi.org/project/georinex/") -[UNAVCO](https://www.unavco.org/ "https://www.unavco.org/") RINEX 3 [OBS data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/") **(from 2016 to NOW)** -UNAVCO RINEX 3 [NAV data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/") **(from 2016 to NOW)** -UNAVCO [network monitoring website](https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/ "https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/") -GNSS Planning [TRIMBLE](https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts "https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts") -[Reference Frames](https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS#GLONASS_reference_frame_PZ-90 "https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/reference_frames_in_gnss#glonass_reference_frame_pz-90") in GNSS
-RINEX 3 and RINEX 2 reader python library [GeoRinex](https://pypi.org/project/georinex/ "https://pypi.org/project/georinex/")
-[UNAVCO](https://www.unavco.org/ "https://www.unavco.org/") RINEX 3 [OBS data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/") **(from 2016 to NOW)**
-UNAVCO RINEX 3 [NAV data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/") **(from 2016 to NOW)**
-UNAVCO [network monitoring website](https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/ "https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/")
-GNSS Planning [TRIMBLE](https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts "https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts")
-[Reference Frames](https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS#GLONASS_reference_frame_PZ-90 "https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/reference_frames_in_gnss#glonass_reference_frame_pz-90") in GNSS


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 12:52, 9 February 2022

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined [1]. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) [2].

Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's TechDemoSat-1 (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's CYGNSS satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.

GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness [3] [4] [5][6] [7][8] [9][10][11][12] GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. [1] [13][14]. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing [15] [16]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 King, Lucinda S.; Unwin, Martin; Rawlinson, Jonathan; Guida, Raffaella; Underwood, Craig (2020). "Processing of raw GNSS reflectometry data from TDS-1 in a backscattering configuration". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 13: 2916–2924. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2020.2997199. ISSN 2151-1535.
  2. ↑ Jia, Yan; Pei, Yuekun (2018-07-25). Remote Sensing in Land Applications by Using GNSS-Reflectometry. IntechOpen. ISBN 978-1-78923-537-1. Retrieved 2021-12-09.
  3. ↑ Yan, Qingyun; Huang, Weimin; Moloney, Cecilia (2017). "Neural networks based sea ice detection and concentration retrieval from GNSS-R delay-doppler maps". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 10 (8): 3789–3798. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2689009. ISSN 2151-1535.
  4. ↑ Alonso-Arroyo, Alberto; Zavorotny, Valery U.; Camps, Adriano (2017). "Sea ice detection using U.K. TDS-1 GNSS-R data". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 55 (9): 4989–5001. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2017.2699122. ISSN 1558-0644.
  5. ↑ Semmling, A. Maximilian; Rösel, Anja; Divine, Dmitry V.; Gerland, Sebastian; Stienne, Georges; Reboul, Serge; Ludwig, Marcel; Wickert, Jens; Schuh, Harald (2019). "Sea-ice concentration derived from GNSS reflection measurements in fram strait". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 57 (12): 10350–10361. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2019.2933911. ISSN 1558-0644.
  6. ↑ Yan, Qingyun; Huang, Weimin (2016). "Spaceborne GNSS-R sea ice detection using delay-doppler maps: First results from the U.K. TechDemoSat-1 mission". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 9 (10): 4795–4801. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2582690. ISSN 2151-1535.
  7. ↑ Yan, Qingyun; Huang, Weimin (2018). "Sea ice sensing from GNSS-R data using convolutional neural networks". IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. 15 (10): 1510–1514. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2018.2852143. ISSN 1558-0571.
  8. ↑ Southwell, Benjamin J.; Dempster, Andrew G. (2020). "Sea ice transition detection using incoherent integration and deconvolution". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 13: 14–20. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2019.2943510. ISSN 2151-1535.
  9. ↑ Strandberg, Joakim; Hobiger, Thomas; Haas, Rüdiger (2017). "Coastal sea ice detection using ground-based GNSS-R". IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. 14 (9): 1552–1556. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2017.2722041. ISSN 1558-0571.
  10. ↑ Zhu, Yongchao; Tao, Tingye; Yu, Kegen; Li, Zhenxuan; Qu, Xiaochuan; Ye, Zhourun; Geng, Jun; Zou, Jingui; Semmling, Maximilian; Wickert, Jens (2020). "Sensing sea ice based on doppler spread analysis of spaceborne GNSS-R data". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 13: 217–226. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2019.2955175. ISSN 2151-1535.
  11. ↑ Yan, Qingyun; Huang, Weimin (2020). "Sea ice thickness measurement using spaceborne GNSS-R: First results with TechDemoSat-1 data". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 13: 577–587. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2020.2966880. ISSN 2151-1535.
  12. ↑ Southwell, Benjamin J.; Cheong, Joon Wayn; Dempster, Andrew G. (2020). "A matched filter for spaceborne GNSS-R based sea-target detection". IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 58 (8): 5922–5931. doi:10.1109/TGRS.2020.2973142. ISSN 1558-0644.
  13. ↑ Di Simone, Alessio; Park, Hyuk; Riccio, Daniele; Camps, Adriano (2017). "Sea target detection using spaceborne GNSS-R delay-doppler maps: Theory and experimental proof of concept using TDS-1 data". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 10 (9): 4237–4255. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2017.2705350. ISSN 2151-1535.
  14. ↑ Valencia, Enric; Camps, Adriano; Rodriguez-Alvarez, Nereida; Park, Hyuk; Ramos-Perez, Isaac (2013). "Using GNSS-R imaging of the ocean surface for oil slick detection". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 6 (1): 217–223. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2210392. ISSN 2151-1535.
  15. ↑ Cheong, Joon Wayn; Southwell, Benjamin J.; Dempster, Andrew G. (2019). "Blind sea clutter suppression for spaceborne GNSS-R target detection". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 12 (12): 5373–5378. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2019.2956183. ISSN 2151-1535.
  16. ↑ Li, Bowen; Yang, Lei; Zhang, Bo; Yang, Dongkai; Wu, Di (2020). "Modeling and simulation of GNSS-R observables with effects of swell". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 13: 1833–1841. doi:10.1109/JSTARS.2020.2992037. ISSN 2151-1535.
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