GNSS Reflectometry - Revision history

Uwasa at 15:51, 9 February 2022

2022-02-09T15:51:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:51, 9 February 2022
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	Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. Many nations have deployed their own satellite constellations for positioning, and new receivers can use all of them. Currently available constellations are		Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them [https://www.telesens.co/2017/07/17/calculating-position-from-raw-gps-data/ find their location]. Many nations have deployed their own satellite constellations for positioning, and new receivers can use all of them. Currently available constellations are

	* '''G:''' [https://www.gps.gov/ GPS], Global Positioning System, United States		* '''G:''' [https://www.gps.gov/ GPS], Global Positioning System, United States

Uwasa: Added text about GNSS measurements

2022-02-09T15:45:08Z

Added text about GNSS measurements

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:45, 9 February 2022
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	* '''R:''' [[wikipedia:GLONASS\|GLONASS]], Russia		* '''R:''' [[wikipedia:GLONASS\|GLONASS]], Russia
	* '''E:''' [https://www.esa.int/Applications/Navigation/Galileo/What_is_Galileo Galileo], European Space Agency		* '''E:''' [https://www.esa.int/Applications/Navigation/Galileo/What_is_Galileo Galileo], European Space Agency
	* '''J:''' QZSS, Japan		* '''J:''' [https://qzss.go.jp/en/overview/services/sv01_what.html QZSS,] Japan
	* '''C:''' BDS, [http://en.beidou.gov.cn/SYSTEMS/System/ Beidou], China		* '''C:''' BDS, [http://en.beidou.gov.cn/SYSTEMS/System/ Beidou], China
	* '''I:''' [https://www.isro.gov.in/irnss-programme IRNSS] Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System		* '''I:''' [https://www.isro.gov.in/irnss-programme IRNSS] Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
	* '''S:''' SBAS payload		* '''S:''' SBAS payload
	* '''M:''' Mixed		* '''M:''' Mixed
			The preceding letters are use as a satellite systems shortcuts in many systems, such as [https://www.igs.org/wg/rinex/ Rinex] GNSS data files.

			The GNSS signals are affected by the ionosphere <ref>{{Cite journal\| doi = 10.3390/rs11020171\| issn = 2072-4292\| volume = 11\| issue = 2\| pages = 171\| last1 = Su\| first1 = Ke\| last2 = Jin\| first2 = Shuanggen\| last3 = Hoque\| first3 = M.\| title = Evaluation of Ionospheric Delay Effects on Multi-GNSS Positioning Performance\| journal = Remote Sensing\| accessdate = 2022-02-09\| date = 2019-01-17\| url = http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/2/171}}</ref> and weather conditions in troposhpere. For example rain <ref>{{Cite journal\| doi = 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2320309\| issn = 0196-2892, 1558-0644\| volume = 53\| issue = 1\| pages = 190–206\| last1 = Cardellach\| first1 = Estel\| last2 = Tomas\| first2 = Sergio\| last3 = Oliveras\| first3 = Santi\| last4 = Padulles\| first4 = Ramon\| last5 = Rius\| first5 = Antonio\| last6 = de la Torre-Juarez\| first6 = Manuel\| last7 = Turk\| first7 = Francis Joseph\| last8 = Ao\| first8 = Chi O.\| last9 = Kursinski\| first9 = E. Robert\| last10 = Schreiner\| first10 = Bill\| last11 = Ector\| first11 = Dave\| last12 = Cucurull\| first12 = Lidia\| title = Sensitivity of PAZ LEO Polarimetric GNSS Radio-Occultation Experiment to Precipitation Events\| journal = IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing\| accessdate = 2022-02-09\| date = 2015-01\| url = http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6816062/}}</ref> and other atmospheric water content <ref>{{Cite journal\| doi = 10.1016/j.jestch.2019.11.006\| issn = 2215-0986\| volume = 23\| issue = 5\| pages = 967–972\| last = Selbesoglu\| first = Mahmut Oguz\| title = Prediction of tropospheric wet delay by an artificial neural network model based on meteorological and GNSS data\| journal = Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal\| accessdate = 2021-02-15\| date = 2020-10-01\| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2215098619316003}}</ref> and other weather conditions cause delay to the GNSS signal propagation and it is then possible to monitor these phenomena by GNSS signals.

	~~These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name~~=~~"King_2020" />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) <ref name~~=~~"Jia-2021" />.~~		==== Reflectometry ====

	Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R ~~bacscatter~~ data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechDemoSat-1] (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.
			The GNSS radio signals transmitted from satellites are also reflected from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground and atmosphere can be examined <ref name="King_2020" />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) <ref name="Jia-2021" />.

			Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R backscatter data has been also collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechDemoSat-1] (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.

	GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>		GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>

Uwasa: Added gnss systms

2022-02-09T14:38:48Z

Added gnss systms

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:38, 9 February 2022
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	Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) <ref name=Jia-2021/>.		Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. Many nations have deployed their own satellite constellations for positioning, and new receivers can use all of them. Currently available constellations are

			* '''G:''' [https://www.gps.gov/ GPS], Global Positioning System, United States
			* '''R:''' [[wikipedia:GLONASS\|GLONASS]], Russia
			* '''E:''' [https://www.esa.int/Applications/Navigation/Galileo/What_is_Galileo Galileo], European Space Agency
			* '''J:''' QZSS, Japan
			* '''C:''' BDS, [http://en.beidou.gov.cn/SYSTEMS/System/ Beidou], China
			* '''I:''' [https://www.isro.gov.in/irnss-programme IRNSS] Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
			* '''S:''' SBAS payload
			* '''M:''' Mixed


			These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name="King_2020" />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) <ref name="Jia-2021" />.

	Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechDemoSat-1] (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.		Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechDemoSat-1] (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.

Uwasa at 09:58, 9 February 2022

2022-02-09T09:58:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 9 February 2022
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	=== Links ===		=== Links ===

	* The description of [https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/ NMEA messages] ~~"https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/")~~		* The description of [https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/ NMEA messages]
	* Documentation for [~~RINEX 3.04](~~http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf ~~"http://acc~~.~~igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf") -~~RINEX 3 and RINEX 2 reader python library [~~GeoRinex](~~https://pypi.org/project/georinex/ ~~"https://pypi.org/project/georinex/") -~~[~~UNAVCO](~~https://www.unavco.org/ ~~"https://www.unavco.org/")~~ RINEX 3 [~~OBS data](~~ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/ ~~"ftp://~~data~~-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/")~~ (from 2016 to NOW) -UNAVCO RINEX 3 [~~NAV data](~~ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/ ~~"ftp://~~data~~-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/")~~ (from 2016 to NOW) -UNAVCO [~~network monitoring website](~~https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/ ~~"https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/") -~~GNSS Planning [~~TRIMBLE](~~https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts ~~"https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts") -~~[~~Reference Frames](~~https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS#GLONASS_reference_frame_PZ-90 ~~"https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/reference_frames_in_gnss#glonass_reference_frame_pz-90")~~ in GNSS		* Documentation for [http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf RINEX 3.04]
			* RINEX 3 and RINEX 2 reader python library [https://pypi.org/project/georinex/ GeoRinex]
			* [https://www.unavco.org/ UNAVCO]
			* RINEX 3 [ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/ OBS data] (from 2016 to NOW)
			* UNAVCO RINEX 3 [ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/ NAV data] (from 2016 to NOW)
			* UNAVCO [https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/ network monitoring website]
			* GNSS Planning [https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts TRIMBLE]
			* [https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS#GLONASS_reference_frame_PZ-90 Reference Frames]in GNSS

	== References ==		== References ==

Uwasa: Links

2022-02-09T09:52:45Z

Links

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:52, 9 February 2022
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	GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>		GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>

	## Links		=== Links ===

	-The [description of ~~NMEA messages](~~https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/ "https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/")		* The description of [https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/ NMEA messages] "https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/")
	-Documentation for [RINEX 3.04](http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf "http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf")		* Documentation for [RINEX 3.04](http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf "http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf") -RINEX 3 and RINEX 2 reader python library [GeoRinex](https://pypi.org/project/georinex/ "https://pypi.org/project/georinex/") -[UNAVCO](https://www.unavco.org/ "https://www.unavco.org/") RINEX 3 [OBS data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/") (from 2016 to NOW) -UNAVCO RINEX 3 [NAV data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/") (from 2016 to NOW) -UNAVCO [network monitoring website](https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/ "https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/") -GNSS Planning [TRIMBLE](https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts "https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts") -[Reference Frames](https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS#GLONASS_reference_frame_PZ-90 "https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/reference_frames_in_gnss#glonass_reference_frame_pz-90") in GNSS
	-RINEX 3 and RINEX 2 reader python library [GeoRinex](https://pypi.org/project/georinex/ "https://pypi.org/project/georinex/")
	-[UNAVCO](https://www.unavco.org/ "https://www.unavco.org/") RINEX 3 [OBS data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/") (from 2016 to NOW)
	-UNAVCO RINEX 3 [NAV data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/") (from 2016 to NOW)
	-UNAVCO [network monitoring website](https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/ "https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/")
	-GNSS Planning [TRIMBLE](https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts "https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts")
	-[Reference Frames](https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS#GLONASS_reference_frame_PZ-90 "https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/reference_frames_in_gnss#glonass_reference_frame_pz-90") in GNSS

	== References ==		== References ==

Uwasa at 09:51, 9 February 2022

2022-02-09T09:51:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:51, 9 February 2022
Line 4:		Line 4:

	GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>		GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>

			## Links

			-The [description of NMEA messages](https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/ "https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/gps-receivers-and-nmea-standards/")
			-Documentation for [RINEX 3.04](http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf "http://acc.igs.org/misc/rinex304.pdf")
			-RINEX 3 and RINEX 2 reader python library [GeoRinex](https://pypi.org/project/georinex/ "https://pypi.org/project/georinex/")
			-[UNAVCO](https://www.unavco.org/ "https://www.unavco.org/") RINEX 3 [OBS data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/obs/") (from 2016 to NOW)
			-UNAVCO RINEX 3 [NAV data](ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/ "ftp://data-out.unavco.org/pub/rinex3/nav/") (from 2016 to NOW)
			-UNAVCO [network monitoring website](https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/ "https://www.unavco.org/instrumentation/networks/map/map.html#!/")
			-GNSS Planning [TRIMBLE](https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts "https://www.gnssplanning.com/#/charts")
			-[Reference Frames](https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/Reference_Frames_in_GNSS#GLONASS_reference_frame_PZ-90 "https://gssc.esa.int/navipedia//index.php/reference_frames_in_gnss#glonass_reference_frame_pz-90") in GNSS

	== References ==		== References ==

Uwasa at 11:42, 9 December 2021

2021-12-09T11:42:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:42, 9 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R).		Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) <ref name=Jia-2021/>.

	Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechDemoSat-1] (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.		Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechDemoSat-1] (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.
Line 36:		Line 36:
	</ref>		</ref>
	<ref name=Southwell_2020b>{{Cite journal\| doi = 10.1109/TGRS.2020.2973142\| issn = 1558-0644\| volume = 58\| issue = 8\| pages = 5922–5931\| last1 = Southwell\| first1 = Benjamin J.\| last2 = Cheong\| first2 = Joon Wayn\| last3 = Dempster\| first3 = Andrew G.\| title = A matched filter for spaceborne GNSS-R based sea-target detection\| journal = IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing\| date = 2020}}		<ref name=Southwell_2020b>{{Cite journal\| doi = 10.1109/TGRS.2020.2973142\| issn = 1558-0644\| volume = 58\| issue = 8\| pages = 5922–5931\| last1 = Southwell\| first1 = Benjamin J.\| last2 = Cheong\| first2 = Joon Wayn\| last3 = Dempster\| first3 = Andrew G.\| title = A matched filter for spaceborne GNSS-R based sea-target detection\| journal = IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing\| date = 2020}}
			</ref>
			<ref name=Jia-2021>{{Cite book\| publisher = IntechOpen\| isbn = 978-1-78923-537-1\| last1 = Jia\| first1 = Yan\| last2 = Pei\| first2 = Yuekun\| title = Remote Sensing in Land Applications by Using GNSS-Reflectometry\| accessdate = 2021-12-09\| date = 2018-07-25\| url = https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/59160}}
	</ref>		</ref>
	</references>		</references>

Uwasa: Fixed a typo

2021-12-09T07:48:06Z

Fixed a typo

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 9 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R).		Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R).

	Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 ~~TechSemoSat~~-1] satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.		Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechDemoSat-1] (TDS-1) satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.

	GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>		GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>

Uwasa: Added reference to CYGNSS constellation

2021-12-09T07:46:42Z

Added reference to CYGNSS constellation

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 9 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R).		Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R).

	Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechSemoSat-1] satellite, and ~~they~~ can be downloaded from ~~the ESA's portal~~.		Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechSemoSat-1] satellite and with NASA's [https://www.nasa.gov/cygnss/the-science-of-cygnss CYGNSS] satellite constellation. Observation data can be downloaded from their portals.

	GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>		GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>

Uwasa at 07:29, 9 December 2021

2021-12-09T07:29:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 9 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry.		Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites transmits navigation signals from Earth orbits to terrestial receivers to help them find their location. These radio signals are also reflecting from the ground and by monitoring these reflections, the properties of the ground can be examined <ref name=King_2020 />. This kind of analysis is called as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R).

	GNSS ~~reflectometry~~ has been ~~used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017~~/~~> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017~~ /~~> <ref name=Semmling_2019~~ /~~><ref name=Yan_2016~~ /~~> <ref name=Yan_2018~~/~~><ref name=Southwell_2020~~/~~> <ref name=Strandberg_2017~~/~~><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/>~~		Terrestial GNSS-R measurements include two antennas, on of which is receiving the direct signal from the satellite, and the other forward-scattered reflected signal. Satellite-based GSNS-R measures the GNSS signal backscatter from the Earth. GNSS-R bacscatter data has been collected by ESA's [https://earth.esa.int/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/t/techdemosat-1 TechSemoSat-1] satellite, and they can be downloaded from the ESA's portal.

	GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>		GNSS reflectometry has been used for detecting sea ice thickness <ref name=Yan_2017/> <ref name=Alonso-Arroyo_2017 /> <ref name=Semmling_2019 /><ref name=Yan_2016 /> <ref name=Yan_2018/><ref name=Southwell_2020/> <ref name=Strandberg_2017/><ref name=Zhu_2020/><ref name=Yan_2020/><ref name=Southwell_2020b/> GNSS-R is also popular for other sea target analysis which is not directly related to icing. <ref name=King_2020/> <ref name=Di_2017/><ref name=Valencia_2013/>. Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>

	Many research articles concentrating in method develoment, are also indirectly related to icing <ref name=Cheong_2019/> <ref name=Li_2020/>

	== References ==		== References ==